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FSUGE "Hydrospetzgeologiya" has been conducting ecological studies for more than 50 years at the enterprises of nuclear industry and, in particular, studies of the impact of industrial enterprises on groundwater. The state monitoring system of the geological environment within the Russian Federation comprises a subsystem of state ground water monitoring divided into local and regional types depending on the scope and subject of observations.
Ecological observations conducted on the territories of industrial zones and industrial enterprises refer to local monitoring. In this case, local monitoring means observation of the impact of natural and induced processes on the surface, earth's interior and subsurface hydrosphere by the evidence of the event in the system "the source of the impact - the object of possible damage".
The following sources of the impact on the geological environment (surface, groundwater, geological massif) are considered: tailing dumps (operating and abandoned) on the territories of ore mining and processing enterprises; near-surface repositories of solid radioactive waste, surface storages of liquid waste, slurry storages and subsurface disposal sites. Liquid industrial waste storages are connected with groundwater and are the sources of hydrodynamic, hydrochemical and radionuclide impact on groundwater and water-bearing rocks Possible objects of the impact are a water-bearing horizon proper as a medium of contaminant transport, areas of discharge in the surface stream flow and reservoirs; groundwater wells for technical and drinking water supply needs.
The purpose of arrangement of ecological monitoring on surface storages and subsurface disposal sites of liquid industrial waste is simulation of cumulative impact of the sources on the geological environment and informational support of the projects of concomitant and liquidation measures.
To control the impact of the storages on the geological environment an observation network is constructed and hydrodynamic, hydrochemical and radionuclide monitoring is conducted.
An indicator of hydrodynamic impact on the geological environment is the change of ground water level and flow structure.
Representative indicators of hydrochemical impact are the indices of a dissolved substance in the impact source that localize a zone of a water-bearing horizon maximally contaminated in area extent. These are the components with high transport properties, high content in industrial solutions, stable in solutions at possible pathways and easily identifiable by analysis.
Arrangement of ecological monitoring of contaminant transport in groundwater from surface storages and subsurface disposal sites allow to timely make scientifically sound decisions and develop measures for environmental protection.
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