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GEP-20 Outcrop studies: Fundamental to petroleum reservoir characterization and modeling
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Integration of multiple outcrop data into 3D carbonate reservoir models
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Ivar Grunnaleite, IRIS (Norway)
Gunnar Sælen, IRIS (Norway)
Niels Bo Jensen, IRIS (Norway)
Michael R. Talbot, University of Bergen (Norway)
Belinda Larsen, University of Bergen (Norway)
Peter Gutteridge, Cambridge Carbonates Ltd (United Kingdom)
Simon Buckley, CIPR (Norway)
Kjersti Soltveit, ConocoPhillips (Norway)
Tor Arne Johansen, University of Bergen (Norway)
Ali Siahaan, IRIS (Norway)
Harald Elvebakk, NGU (Norway)
Gaetano Osso, Studi & Ricerche Geologiche (Italy)
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Analogue outcrop studies are commonly used to increase the knowledge of hydrocarbon reservoirs. During outcrop studies of carbonate reservoir analogues in Italy, Spain and the UK, we have collected a range of data at different scales and dimensions:
• Discrete property measurements; (a) porosity (thin-sections and core-plugs), (b) permeability (field permeameter, core-plugs), (c) velocity and density measurements (core plugs), and (d) gamma-ray spectrometry.
• Line data; (a) sedimentary and gamma-ray logs, and (b) structural scanlines.
• 2D surface data; fracture distributions.
• 2D representations of the 3D outcrop; photos and interpretation panels.
• 3D acquisition; georadar and LIDAR.
In this project the different datasets have been imported into Petrel and integrated in order to facilitate interpretation, upscaling and reservoir simulation:
• 3D terrain surfaces have been obtained from LIDAR scans giving accurate terrain models based on detailed GPS positions.
• Aerial orthophotos of the study areas are subsequently draped on the 3D surfaces to give an accurate 3D geological surface model of the outcrops.
GPR- (georadar-) data are taken in as seismic sections and can be interpreted in 3D to define subsurface horizons.
• Photos of outcrop cliffs, and stratigraphic and structural interpretations made on photo panels, are positioned in space within the 3D geomodel, and are used to correlate surfaces, faults and rock-fabric units of the reservoir model.
• Log panels are treated as well data and are used for detailed subdivision of reservoir units.
• Poroperm data and fracture distributions are integrated with the geomodel in order to recommend upscaling routines, and subsequently model reservoir behaviour during various hydrocarbon production scenarios.
• Correlation of georadar data and synthetic seismic models shows that the reservoir details offered by GPR cannot be resolved by seismic images based on conventional seismic acquisition techniques. Subseismic reservoir details must therefore be inferred by integrating borehole and analogue outcrop information.
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