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Ernest Spiridonov, Moscow State University (Russian Federation)
Leili Panasyan, Moscow State University (Russian Federation)
Mikhail Chernov, Moscow State University (Russian Federation)
Vyacheslav Sokolov, Moscow State University (Russian Federation)
Denka Yanakieva, Museum ?Earth and people? (Bulgaria)
Vladimir Ladygin, Moscow State University (Russian Federation)
Tamara Abramova, Moscow State University (Russian Federation)
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Geological activities of Pleistocene and Holocene glaciers on Russian (East-European) platform are abrasion; moraines, fluvioglacial sands, peat locations forming; karstification; mechanical influence such as crumpled Jurassic clays, folds in Gzhelian clays with amplitude up to 4 m, Carboniferous thick plate limestones and dolomites deformation up to 100 m by depth in the north of Russian platform and up to 15 m in the centre, partly with their blocks extension, in space between which Chalk glauconite sands were pressed. The mineral formations in pre Quaternary rocks generated by glacial waters are given lower.
1. Under the influence of glacial waters Moscovian and Kasimovian limestones and dolomites in the places, where Jurassic and Triassic recovered dense clays and Chalk sands were removed - in river paleovalleys in the centre of Russian platform and in its north near Arkhangelsk - were changed into white stoned formation. Ancient Moscow was built from such limestones of Moscow river banks. Twisted fibrous calcite and Mg-calcite (Ca0.88Mg0.12)CO3 crystals up to 0.1 mm long and 0.00004 - 0.0002 mm thick were formed in these rocks, their section is roundish and without flat edges. The similar calcite fibrous crystals were formed on a surface of limestone gruss in clays of Quaternary moraine in south-west of Moscow. Cavities of extraction in clay dolomites contain palygorskite.
Agates (up to sarder) were formed in white stoned Serpukhovian dolomite limestones of Oka river paleovalley (Golutvin deposit). Chalcedony, quartzin, quartz, less dolomite, calcite, moganite, fluorite of the agates was formed due to the substance of pale colored deformed flint concretions. Agates are colored by microspherolites of goethite. Sometimes tyuyamunite, more seldom carnotite is formed on the crust surface and in matrix of chalcedony. The only source of uranium is moraines sediment. Cavities of extraction in limestones under Gzhelian clays contain purest kaolinite ("fat").
2. On a contacts of Carboniferous carbonate rocks and recovered crumpled extracted black Jurassic clays, formerly rich with glauconite and pyrite and contained phosphorite, - a) everywhere in the limestone stratum colorful flints are spread (formerly almost colorless), usually brown (with fine dispersed goethite), red (with fine dispersed lepidocrocite) or black (with fine dispersed marcasite), more seldom colored by lepidocrocite chalcedony empty pseudomorphs after single corals with quartz to amethyst inside (Rusavkino and other deposits); b) on the surface of carbonate rocks jarosite and vivianite are found.
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